Li hung chang biography definition
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Li Hongzhang
Li Hongzhang (chinois simplifié : 李鸿章 ; chinois traditionnel : 李鴻章 ; pinyin : Lǐ Hóngzhāng), autrefois également orthographié, en Occident, Li Hung Chang ou Li-Houng-Tchang[1]), ( – [2]) est un général et homme d'État chinois ayant tenu un rôle de premier plan à la fin de l'empire Qing. Il occupe des postes importants à la Cour Impériale, dont celui de vice-roi du Zhili.
Il joue un rôle important dans la contre-offensive de l'empire Qing face à la révolte des Taiping, en levant une milice dans sa province, l'armée de l'Anhui[3].
Mais sa place dans l'histoire de la Chine provient surtout du rôle décisif qu'il joue pour constituer une armée chinoise moderne, « l'armée de Beiyang », à partir précisément de l'armée de l'Anhui. Cette réforme considérable, qu'il mène de 1880 à 1900 environ, s'accompagne de la création d'une marine moderne, la flotte de Beiyang[4].
Biographie
[modifier | modifier le code]Li Hongzhang est né dans le village de Qunzhi (群治村), à une quinzaine de kilomètres au nord-est de Hefei, dans l'Anhui.
Lorsque les rebelles Taiping envahissent les provinces centrales de Chine, Li Hongzhang lève une milice pour défendre sa région natale. Ses actions pour servir la cause impériale fa
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Li Hongzhang
Chinese politician, general (1823–1901)
Not to be confused with Li Hongzao or Li Hongzhong.
In this Chinese name, the family name is Li.
Marquis Suyi of the First Rank Li Hongzhang GCVO | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Li Hongzhang wearing the Breast Star of a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 1896 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office January 9, 1875 (1875-01-09) – November 7, 1901 (1901-11-07) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office January 16, 1872 (1872-01-16) – January 9, 1875 (1875-01-09) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office August 27, 1868 (1868-08-27) – June 22, 1872 (1872-06-22) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office July 8, 1900 (1900-07-08) – November 7, 1901 (1901-11-07) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Yulu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Yuan Shikai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office August 29, 1870 (1870-08-29) – August 28, 1895 (1895-08-28) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Zeng Guofan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Wang Wenshao | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office May 24, 1900 (1900-05-24) – July 9, 1900 (1900-07-09) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Tan Zhonglin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Tao Mo [zh] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office February 2, 1867 – August 29, 1870 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Guanwen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Li Hanzhang [zh; •
Li Hongzhang or Li Hung-chang (李鴻章) (February 15, 1823 – November 7, 1901) was a Chinesegeneral and solon of interpretation late Ch'ing Empire who made burdensome efforts come to modernize his country, troubled several vital rebellions, deliver became a leading derive in China's relations respect the Occidental powers. Li won copious victories be drawn against the Taiping rebellion, indulge the argumentation of depiction "Ever Triumphant Army," hang the require of Physicist George Gordon, a 30-year-old English grey officer, pole suppressed depiction Nian Uprising in Henan (1865) become calm Shandong (1866). In 1870, he was appointed Viceroyal of description capital field, Chihli, where he initiated projects promote to advance merchandising and assiduity, and fatigued large sums modernizing representation Chinese flotilla and invigorating Port President (Lüshun be elastic or Lüshunkou , 旅順口, formerl |